Hypothesis

Basic hypothesis regarding finding maximal value from hypertrophy, when constructing a workout regimen and configuring between weekly frequency, per exercise/session intensity and per session volume.

Albeit it uses a plentiful amount of assumptions, it’s considered a ‘something’ in the rough.

Facebook reference: https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=187398834799938&id=175556779317477

Fasted Cardio Myth

Alright, this “cardio on an empty stomach / fasted cardio / morning cardio” idea is getting out of hand, and the trolls advocating it have gotten creative over the past few months.

Back then, their main idea was that the body completely depletes itself of carbohydrates over a period of 8 hours sleep. Even 6, if memory serves. After learning what a load of crap that was, and that carbohydrates saturated liver levels maintain a half life expectancy of 36(!) hours post last carb feeding, these trolls and fellow broscientists moved on to the idea that maintaining a ketogenic diet (which operates on 0-5% carb consumption) will complete their wet dream of tricking the body into burning more fat when it now runs on 0 carbs, and basically just ketones derived from lipids in their fatty tissues, and later on during the day- The ketones made from lipids in their food sources.

There are still 2 fundemental problems with this approach:
1. Net Fat Balance
The body has, much like a caloric balance, a net fat balance. It will use triglycerids from its existing tissues using a certain (and ever changing) constant representing the factor in which the caloric intake allows the body to spare its precious fatty tissue volume. This, of course, depends on the caloric intake as well.

Let’s assume for instance that they are actually right, fasted cardio magically burned off more fat than it would have if the activity was done after a meal or two. The daily average net fat balance would not continue to grow in deficiency, it will eventually b-a-l-a-n-c-e out in the end of the day. Meaning, post said fasted cardio, the first meal consumed will restore a portion of the caloric de-value in terms of triglycerids returning to the fatty tissues. The end day caloric value, had it not changed from being deficient, would conclude in the same fatty tissue atrophy had it been a cause of doing said cardio fasted, or not.

Why? Because the energetic expenditure did not change, and even if the fat balance early in the day was smaller than the factor allowed (a temporary condition due to the cardio itself, and not it being done while “fasted”), the next few feeding sessions will compensate and restore an equivalent portion back, depending on the overall intake, and maintain the same daily net fat balance.

2. TDEE = TEF
There’s absolutely no (natural) way around this equation. You’ve eaten X and exercised Y. Whether or not a portion of that Y was done earlier in the day, and X was eaten later, the same equation stands before us: X – Y = Num. The BMI tissues disintegration (bone mass, collagen density, water, fat, FFM, etc) will stay the same. Maybe it will be a little skewed at the beginning of the day, but eventually balance out, on daily and weekly prospectives.

Facebook reference: https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=184496411756847&id=175556779317477

Why Fat Loss Slows Down Over Time

Q: “I’m asking about the question also asked in the h&f.. could you go into more detail about why fat loss slows so much? I know the basic survival thing, your body wants homeostasis, etc.. and I’m sure it’s mostly hormonal, such as Leptin, but beyond that and in more detail I realized when it was asked I really wasn’t sure.”

The explanation in the document should be explicit enough, unless there’s something incoherent you’d like further clarification on (this goes to everyone, of course..)

FYI; Kid = Kcal intake deficiency (gap), t = time (always..), and since I didn’t have enough space to explain in the doc, the graph basically shows how harsher deficits (Kid1>Kid2) have quicker hormonal catabolic throwback, and a smaller anabolic window (This is the real meaning of the term anabolic window, by the way, not the junk you hear about drinking a shake post workout).

The gap between AS(Kid1) and CS(Kid1) shows a smaller anabolic window (pink domain) than AS(Kid2) and CS(Kid2) (orange domain), and oppositely, a greater catabolic overbearing between CS(Kid1) and AS(Kid1) than the Kid2 counterparts (purple domains).

Facebook reference: https://www.facebook.com/175556779317477/photos/a.176084402598048.1073741828.175556779317477/183808371825651/?type=1

Reverse Dieting Protocols- Appendix

In continuum to my previous topic regarding thermic conversions, I’d like to address the recommended approach to dieting (either down or up, respectively- leaning out or bulking) in a reverse dieting protocol.

Adipose (fat) tissue balance in our bodies may react differently in terms of rate of mitigation (undergoing atrophy from lipolytic expenditure), but it will not vary greatly, since it responds directly with leptin, which responds secondarily with testosterone/GH secretions. A person who loses fat fast vs a person who loses fat slowly- both on either side of the somatotype scale- will have a rate gap of only 2.5% (Expectancy). That means a “fat” guy will lose fat (Repeat: fat, not weight) in a rate slower than circa 2.5% than that of the “scrawny” guy.

Where am I going with this? Well, reverse dieting wishes to A. perserve the most FFM through slowly changing thermodynamic shifts during hormonal anabolism scarcity whenever at a deficit, and B. to make use of the lipolytic energy stores at all times while keeping to optimal performance which brings us back to A.

Reverse dieting is a great tool to doing so if done properly.
I’ll give you an example to understand the process better;
A person has just now built a meal plan consisting of:
200 grams protein = 800kcal
350 grams carbs = 1400kcal
50 grams fat = 450kcal

First, we convert these kcals to their true thermic contribution (kcal to bakcal):
200 grams protein = 560bakcal
350 grams carbs = 1330bakcal
50 grams fat = 441bakcal

Second, we enclose a definitive time span to continuously eat at this caloric value every day, regardless of activities or rest. A solid recommendation from me is 7-10 days. Let’s assume 10 days in this particular.

Each 10 days, we will recursively drop a fixed *percentile* off the caloric value. Repeat, recursively. That means the constant changes every calculation. Here goes:

bakcal of caloric value: 560+1330+441 = 2331bakcal
10 days have gone by. This is where I recommend those who lose body weight quickly (“ecto/meso-morphs”) to drop 5%, and those who don’t (“endomorphs”) to drop 2.5%.
Assuming we’re the fatties of the group (no hate, yours truly is a genetically gifted fatty..): 2331*0.975 = 2272.7 ~ 2273

We now drop by 58kcal. Since we already converted the entire caloric value, to find to true value, we’ll revert back from bakcal to kcal depends on which macro we’d like to drop.

Decided to drop these 58kcals from carbs? 58/0.95= 61kcal -> 61/4 = 15.2 ~ 15 grams of carbs gone. 58kcals from protein? 58/0.7 = 83/4 = 20.7 ~ 21 grams of protein gone. Choose whichever, it’ll give you the same deficient result.

Another 10 days have gone. We now use the new constant which is 2273. 2273*0.975 = 2216. We now drop by 56.8 ~ 57 kcals.

“Are you kidding me? I’m dropping only by 58kcal in 10 days, and just about the same amount 10 days later? What’s the big idea?”

The big idea is that lipolytic shifts are extremely chronic and slow. They react slowly to thermic shifts and should be handled accordingly. A harsher deficit will surely lose more fat but also a great deal more of FFM, which keeps the same rate of fat loss (proportional % to entire body weight and respectively, to FFM) the same if not worse for the harsher deficit dieter.

Also, keep in mind that losing ~60bacakl is losing nearly 100kcal of the food you’re eating, and that 100kcal over the span of 10 days is 1000kcal total deficit. That seems to be a good enough reason to go slow.

Lastly, I can assure you that if you pick the “tedious” 10 day cycle of reduction, you will have a solid 6 months of reverse dieting to the lowest of body fat levels. If you choose 7 days, it will take you 4.5-5 months. It all depends on your goal and the timeframe.

Facebook reference: https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=183353851871103&id=175556779317477

Routine Changing

Let’s get down to brass tax here. Changing your routine because it’s boring or because you’ve been on it for “too long” is not only superfluous, but damaging to your goals in the long run.

Let’s interpret. The idea in the cartesian below refers to changing types and classes of exercises. It doesn’t correlate with changing a repetition, volume or frequency scheme.

When there’s a change in the routine, motorically speaking, it is accompanied with a period of sessions required to reacquaintance yourself with it load-wise, and most importantly- from a neural prospective. As the path of travel changes, so does the neuron reciprocity and the applicable watt interchanging which contracts the muscles. It also changes the types of stabilizers involved and as experience shows, the newer the movement, the harder it is at first.

That’s why sometimes you find it awkward that a 45lbs item that you have to pick off the floor or with a friend due to its complex construct (like a table or a vase) often feels more strenuous than the typical 45lbs plate that you’re accustomed to in the gym.

When one changes routines frequently (for whatever reason), he/she doesn’t take into account those recession periods in the progressive load long term scale. Since those irregularities are considered short term, they’re often disregarded completely, but they do have an overall negative sweeping reduction. Add to that the fact that most trainees don’t bother transferring their %ppo from previous exercises to gauge their alternative exercises’ applicable percentiles and just use “whatever weight feels comfortable”, and you have yourself an alarming stagnative gap in your long term goals.

Don’t worry about the complex cartesian, it’s less important than the message itself- Changing a single routine in the long term has a marginal proximity of zero to deviate results. However, if you do this on a monthly or bimonthly or even biannual rate, the sweeping deviation will be negative, and your only accomplishment is having downgraded your the efficacy of your goals.

Facebook reference: https://www.facebook.com/175556779317477/photos/a.176084402598048.1073741828.175556779317477/181558828717272/?type=1

Gastrocnemius & Soleus Conundrum

The twin conundrum.

There’s a small issue with directly engaging the hamstrings with knee curls and adding calf raises in the same time frame of the workout session.

The twin muscles, being the calves, are composed of one single joint muscle (the soleus) and one multi-joint muscle (the gastrocnemius).

While knee curling, the hamstrings are assisted by the gastro in an “origin to insertion” movement (the heel bone moving towards the buttocks), and when moving on to calf raises – either standing or seated – both the soleus and gastro are engaged, now the gastro is engaged in an “insertion to origin” path of travel (the heel bone rises and plantarflexion occurs).

This dual contraction causes the gastro to fixate its peak contraction at either end of the tendon’s insertions, stretch to both sides and eventually causes a muscular spasm throughout the muscle.

As a general recommendation, either space the two exercises far apart from each other or do them at different days of the week, and if you’ve already got caught in it, avoid sitting for the next 20-30 minutes. Keeping the muscle stretched by standing and waiting for the lactic acid to diminish can help avert the risk of gastro cramps.

Facebook reference: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Behind-The-Curtains-Bodybuilding-Nutrition/175556779317477?sk=insights&section=navPosts

Testosterone and KI Reciprocity

Testosterone reacts to resistance training, positively. As a result of eating at a caloric intake X, it reacts accordingly.

This is a basic, ‘abstract’ show of how the two correlate, assuming we were to boost either with some sort of constant (lambda).

The two main points in this small analysis are framed for your convenience.

Facebook reference: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Behind-The-Curtains-Bodybuilding-Nutrition/175556779317477?sk=insights&section=navPosts

Hematoidin Crystals

A word on hematoidin (blood) crystals, copy pasting an article I already wrote over a year ago.

First, the incentive/motivation behind understanding of this phenomenon:

“The conditions in which hematoidin crystals form and amassed in the circulatory system are enhanced several folds in regards to subjects which regularly train in the fields of strength and hypertrophy, in contrast to non heavy weight trainees and in contrast to the majority of the population which does not train at all.

As a result, many of the inflammations occuring, especially joint related chronic conditions, are direct results of bloody crystals forming to an extent of blocking several main capillaries to a certain area in the muscle-joint convergence, making the trainee stop the activity at some degree due to inability to perform the action at the given angles, or stop all together (Pending severity and magnitude of the crystallization, and the number of capillaries blocked).
Furthermore, senescent blood may be clogged in said clotted capillaries and further hamper the circulatory system effectiveness in that area, causing for an over-extended duration of the pathology by continuing to hamper its removal from said system.

This is one of the biggest most common pathologies concerning injuries in the weight lifting room, and yet very few know of this condition/phenomenon.

Another possible treatment which proved effective over a multitude of tests is a deep tissue massage (Does not mean to be relaxing, rather quite painful), followed by bloodletting using a transfusion device or a simple sterilized needle and the cupping method, generally common in the practice of acupuncturists.”

The article link:
http://forums.d2jsp.org/topic.php?t=64220754&f=60&o=0

Facebook reference: https://www.facebook.com/pages/Behind-The-Curtains-Bodybuilding-Nutrition/175556779317477?sk=insights&section=navPosts

The ‘Burning’ Confusion in Working Sets

“I don’t feel the burn anymore! Should I do more sets or switch exercises up to confuse the muscle into burning again?”

Anyone who pursues bodybuilding for the sake of increasing mass, at some point experienced the burning sensation throughout the target muscle(s) whilst performing his sets within an anaerobic lactic range of repetitions (I wrote “a range” since the ranges vary pending on the muscle fibrous composition and predominance at question).

Most beginning trainees will ‘feel the burn’ throughout pretty much every set and every workout they do. As those trainees progress, those sensations will start to limit themselves to the first few sets of the muscle target of the workout and then no more (It might be of value to point out that the more frequency involved in a rountine per given muscle, said muscle will become more and more adapted and the limitation of sensation will be hastened).

Now, what exactly is ‘the burn’?
Let’s start by restating the purpose of non-performance non-purist non-powerlifting bodybuilders. Meaning, those whose sole purpose is increasing in mass. This group’s purpose is to increase the sarcoplasmic (cross-section muscular width) volume of their muscle. This requires the sarcomere cells to rupture and repair themselves, becoming bigger in circumference and holding more cytoplasm, building a more tangled, more compound cytoskeleton and so on. Basically, physically bigger cells.

Rupture occurs through an increase in the acidity levels of the outer environment, rather than the inner change in pH (acidity) levels, and this is where the confusion lies.

The burning feeling during anaerobic lactic types of effort doesn’t come from the excess lactic acid that builds up outside the cell environment. It occurs due to the excess of free hydrogen ions expelled from the citric acid cycles (The cycles which resynthesize phosphagenic energy yielding molecules- ATP and PCr within the cell mitochondria). Since this is a process of “No-Air” (=Anaero), there are little to no oxygen molecules to bind to the free H+ ions and carry them out of the cell in the form of water (H2O), as normally done in aerobic efforts.

So, this is the pH change done inside the muscle. However, pH changes done outside the muscle are mainly lactic acid build ups. The build up doesn’t manifest in a burning sensation here, but in the form of fatigue (Inability to continue moving through the pathe of travel for an additional repetition), and this is what any trainee needs to focus on: Reaching failure or near failure in terms of repetition range, rather than focusing your attention on whether or not you feel the burning sensation.

“So why am I becoming less and less prone to continuous ‘Free hydrogen ionization build ups’? Why do I become less prone to have my muscles burn?” -This happens due to several reasons, namely neuroadaptation, increasing in said muscular cells cytoskeleton and cytoplasm, which enables for a larger build up of hydrogen ions, increase in bloodflow which promotes a greater presence of oxygen inside the cells (regardless of the “No-Air” effort you’re doing right now, you still breathe regularly and the aerobic energy system works endlessly until the day you die) and more.

Facebook reference: https://www.facebook.com/permalink.php?story_fbid=179020762304412&id=175556779317477

Aerobics VS Calorie Intake

Decided to add aerobics? Don’t sell yourself short.
An aerobic session that has cost 450kcal will require eating more than 450kcal in food. This is because of the negative thermic effect of food (-TEF) and requires thermic conversions.

What’s the marginal reduction from an aerobic session that burned you 450kcals? Nothing. It just burned those 450kcals. The gross didn’t accumulate nor depreciate any derivatives.

What’s the marginal reduction from eating food? That depends on the macronutrients involved:

Assuming 450kcal came strictly from:
Carbs- 5% of those kcals were lost in digestion (-TEF).
Fats- 2% of those kcals were lost.
Protein- 30% (!!)

So, how should I calculate how much I need to compensate, assuming I wanted to compensate for x% of the entire kcals burned?

Use the equation in the picture. Any questions, ask. I’ll be happy to throw an example.

Facebook reference: https://www.facebook.com/175556779317477/photos/a.176084402598048.1073741828.175556779317477/177865829086572/?type=1